sephardic lebanese congregation

According to Rabbi David Kimchi (11601235), in his commentary on Obadiah 1:20, arfat and Sepharad, both, refer to the Jewish captivity (Heb. [59], In what appeared to be a reciprocal gesture, Natan Sharansky, chairman of the quasi-governmental Jewish Agency for Israel, said "the state of Israel must ease the way for their return", referring to the millions of descendants of conversos around Latin America and Iberia. During the early 1970's, Lebanese Jews resettled in many countries throughout the world including Israel, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Canada and America. The Eastern Sephardic dialect is typified by its greater conservatism, its retention of numerous Old Spanish features in phonology, morphology, and lexicon, and its numerous borrowings from Turkish and, to a lesser extent, also from Greek and South Slavic. Over half of Spain's Jews had converted as a result of the religious persecution and pogroms which occurred in 1391, and as such were not subject to the Decree or to expulsion. The Sephardic Lebanese Congregation was founded in the 1980s under the leadership of Dr. Isaac Madeb. New World Western Sephardim, on the other hand, are the descendants of those Jewish-origin New Christian conversos who accompanied the millions of Old Christian Spaniards and Portuguese that emigrated to the Americas. The term Nusach Sefard or Nusach Sfarad does not refer to the liturgy generally recited by Sephardim proper or even Sephardi in a broader sense, but rather to an alternative Eastern European liturgy used by many Hasidim, who are Ashkenazi. Kol Eliyahu-Sephardic Lebanese Congregation - Orthodox Union In the United States in particular, Congregation Shearith Israel, established in 1654, in today's New York City, is the oldest Jewish congregation in the United States. Regarding the Middle East, some Sephardim went further east into the West Asian territories of the Ottoman Empire, settling among the long-established Arabic-speaking Jewish communities in Damascus and Aleppo in Syria, as well as in the Land of Israel, and as far as Baghdad in Iraq. It was an autonomous institution, and until the mid-17th century it was not under the authority of the highest organ of the Jewish self-government in the Republic of Poland - the Council of Four Lands.[91]. Database of Jewish communities. See Chuts. The two Jewish exiles joined and became one. Judo-Portuguese was used by Sephardim especially among the Spanish and Portuguese Jews. From these regions, many late migrated again, this time to the non-Iberian territories of the Americas. The Jewish community in Portugal (perhaps then some 10% of that country's population)[41] were then declared Christians by Royal decree unless they left. Sephardic Lebanese Congregation Inc Brooklyn, NY. Among the larger Jewish populations in actual numbers were the Jewish communities in cities like Lisbon, Toledo, Crdoba, Seville, Mlaga and Granada. V. Colorni, Judaica minore, Milano 1983 and Shlomo Simonshon, History of the Jews in the Duchy of Mantua, Jerusalem, 1977. Its present building dates from 1897. In 711, thousands of Jews from North Africa accompanied the Moslems who invaded Spain, subsuming Catholic Spain and turning much of it into an Arab state, Al-Andalus.[83]. In their desire to consolidate the realm under the new religion, the Visigoths adopted an aggressive policy towards Jews. "Searching for Sephardic History in Berlin", in, Raphael, Chaim, The Sephardi Story: A Celebration of Jewish History London: Valentine Mitchell & Co. Ltd. (1991), Sarna, Nahum M., "Hebrew and Bible Studies in Medieval Spain" in Sephardi Heritage, Vol. He founded settlements with other conversos that would later become Monterrey. For historical reasons and circumstances, most of the descendants of this group of conversos never formally returned to the Jewish religion. Sephardic Lebanese Congregation is located at 805 Avenue T in Brooklyn, New York 11223. These Ashkenazi Jews who assimilated into the Sephardic society eventually gained the surnames "Ashkenazi"[139] if they came from Germany and "Zarfati" if they came from France. During the Spanish colonial occupation of Northern Morocco (19121956), akita was subjected to pervasive, massive influence from Modern Standard Spanish. In 1642, Aboab da Fonseca was appointed rabbi at Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue in the Dutch colony of Pernambuco (Recife), Brazil. Congregation Jeshuat Israel in Newport, Rhode Island, is dated to sometime after the arrival there of Western Sephardim in 1658 and prior to the 1677 purchase of a communal cemetery, now known as Touro Cemetery. [10], The name Sephardi means "Spanish" or "Hispanic", derived from Sepharad (Hebrew: , Modern:Sfard, Tiberian:Spr), a Biblical location. Cantor at Sephardic Lebanese Congregation. Sephardic Lebanese Congregation | Brooklyn, NY | Cause IQ [citation needed]. [98] Dr. Mark Hilton's research demonstrated in IPS DNA testing that the last name of Marranos linked with the location of the local parish was correlated 89.3%. Spanish citizenship by Iberian Sephardic descent, Portuguese citizenship by Portuguese Sephardic descent, Kayserling, Meyer. est. Both Muslim and Christian sources claim that Jews provided valuable aid to the Muslim conquerors. Western Sephardim (also known more ambiguously as "Spanish and Portuguese Jews", "Spanish Jews", "Portuguese Jews" and "Jews of the Portuguese Nation") are the community of Jewish ex-conversos whose families initially remained in Spain and Portugal as ostensible New Christians, that is, as Anusim or "forced [converts]". Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law 431. As a result of this discrimination and persecution, a small number of marranos (conversos who secretly practiced Judaism) later emigrated to more religiously tolerant Old World countries outside the Iberian cultural sphere such as the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, England. He says, furthermore, that the original name of the city was Pirisvalle, so-called by its early pagan inhabitants. It seems that by this time the presence of Jews was of greater concern to Christian authorities than the presence of pagans. Sephardic Lebanese Congregation is a Synagogue, located at: 805 Avenue T, Brooklyn, NY 11223, USA. [33] The primary purpose was to eliminate their influence on Spain's large converso population and ensure they did not revert to Judaism. Sephardi Jews encompass Jews descended from those Jews who left the Iberian Peninsula as Jews by the expiration of the respective decreed deadlines. But the old regional variations (i.e. However, the figure is likely preferred by minimalist scholars to be below the 100,000 Jews - while others suggest larger numbers - who had not yet converted to Christianity by 1492, possibly as low as 40,000 and as high as 200,000 (while Don Isaac Abarbanel stated he led 300,000 Jews out of Spain) dubbed "Megorashim" ("Expelled Ones", in contrast to the local Jews they met whom they called "Toshavim" - "Citizens") in the Hebrew they had spoken. It is within the realm of possibility that they went there under the Romans as free men to take advantage of its rich resources. This man was a Grecian by birth, but who had been given a kingdom in Spain. are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the Iberian Peninsula. A Resolution in May 2017 also exempted those aged over 70. Yair Hamra - Cantor - SLC (Sephardic Lebanese Congregation) 917 288 With Latin America's current population standing at close to 590 million people, the bulk of which consists of persons of full or partial Iberian ancestry (both New World Hispanics and Brazilians, whether they're criollos, mestizos or mulattos), it is estimated that up to 50 million of these possess Sephardic Jewish ancestry to some degree. Given that conversion made New Christians subject to Inquisitorial prosecution as Catholics, crypto-Jews formally recorded Christian names and gentile surnames to be publicly used as their aliases in notarial documents, government relations and commercial activities, while keeping their given Hebrew names and Jewish surnames secret. Neither were Jews taken into the trade-guilds: a resolution passed by the city of Amsterdam in 1632 (the cities being autonomous) excluded them. It encompasses most non-Ashkenazi Jews who are not ethnically Sephardi, but are in most instances of West Asian or North African origin. By the expiry date on 30 September 2019, Spain had received 127,000 applications, mostly from Latin America. Until recently, two different dialects of Judeo-Spanish were spoken in the Mediterranean region: Eastern Judeo-Spanish (in various distinctive regional variations) and Western or North African Judeo-Spanish (also known as akita). Those who were fortunate enough to reach the Ottoman Empire had a better fate: the Sultan Bayezid II sarcastically[citation needed] sent his thanks to Ferdinand for sending him some of his best subjects, thus "impoverishing his own lands while enriching his (Bayezid's)". .[30]. Later settlements were in Bensonhurst, Midwood, Flatbush, and along Ocean Parkway in Gravesend, Brooklyn. This, however, was not feasible long-term in that environment, as Judaizing conversos in Iberia and Ibero-America remained persecuted, prosecuted, and liable to conviction and execution. Sephardic Congregation Har Ha Lebanon - Brooklyn, NY It is a Romance language derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish), with many borrowings from Turkish, and to a lesser extent from Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and French. Presently, there is an array of different synagogues that cater to the community's many different backgrounds, customs and liturgical styles. Henry Kamen and Joseph Perez estimate that of the total Jewish origin population of Spain at the time of the issuance of the Alhambra Decree, those who chose to remain in Spain represented the majority, up to 300,000 of a total Jewish origin population of 350,000. It also assisted Sephardi communities outside of the . As conditions became more oppressive during the 12th and 13th centuries, Jews again looked to an outside culture for relief. In Iberia, settlements of known and attested populations of Bnei Anusim include those in Belmonte, in Portugal, and the Xuetes of Palma de Mallorca, in Spain. From the perspective of the present day, the first three sub-groups appeared to have developed as separate branches, each with its own traditions. Similarly, the study showed that some 11% of the population has DNA associated with the Moors. Each man, using such epithets as "wretched compiler", tried to convince the other to return to his former faith, to no avail. Syrian Jewish communities of the United States - Wikipedia About 600 Jews left Amsterdam in 1642, accompanied by two distinguished scholarsIsaac Aboab da Fonseca and Moses Raphael de Aguilar. Historically, the vernacular languages of the Sephardic Jews and their descendants have been variants of either Spanish, Portuguese, or Catalan, though they have also adopted and adapted other languages. Evidence that suggests Jewish connections with the Iberian Peninsula includes: Some suggest that substantial Jewish immigration probably occurred during the Roman period of Hispania. [56], The Law states that Spanish citizenship will be granted to "those Sephardic foreign nationals who prove that [Sephardic] condition and their special relationship with our country, even if they do not have legal residence in Spain, whatever their [current] ideology, religion or beliefs.". [96] In 1942 the Colegio Hebreo Tarbut was founded in collaboration with the Ashkenazi family and instruction was in Yiddish. Overall, it is now estimated that up to 20% of modern-day Spaniards and 10% of colonial Latin America's Iberian settlers may have been of Sephardic origin, although the regional distribution of their settlement was uneven throughout the colonies. [citation needed]. The services of Jewish scientists, doctors, traders, poets, and scholars were generally valued by Christian and Muslim rulers of regional centers, especially as order was restored in recently conquered towns. Nagdela (Nagrela), Abu Husain Joseph Ibn by Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling, Jewish Encyclopedia. "[70] Elsewhere, he writes about his maternal grandfather's family and how they came to Spain: "When Titus prevailed over Jerusalem, his officer who was appointed over Hispania appeased him, requesting that he send to him captives made-up of the nobles of Jerusalem, and so he sent a few of them to him, and there were amongst them those who made curtains and who were knowledgeable in the work of silk, and [one] whose name was Baruch, and they remained in Mrida. When the Almohads gave the Jews a choice of either death or conversion to Islam, many Jews emigrated. Members of his community immigrated to North America and were among the founders of New York City, but some Jews took refuge in Serid. In 2011 Rabbi Nissim Karelitz, a leading rabbi and Halachic authority and chairman of the Beit Din Tzedek rabbinical court in Bnei Brak, Israel, recognized the entire Xuete community of Bnei Anusim in Palma de Mallorca, as Jews. A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition's choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers and melodies used in the singing of prayers. Our traditions and roots date back to Beirut, Lebanon, under the leadership of Rabbi Yaakov Attieh and Hacham Shahud Schrem. Leadership And A Vision For The Future: RAA's 29th Annual Siyum HaShas Our traditions and roots date back to Beirut, Lebanon, under the leadership of . Sephardic Lebanese Congregation Company Profile | Brooklyn, NY The Jewish Agency for Israel estimates the Sephardic Bnei Anusim population to number in the millions. [4] These actions resulted in a combination of internal and external migrations, mass conversions, and executions. The latter was once spoken, with little regional distinction, in six towns in Northern Morocco. [57] The Spanish government takes about 810 months to decide on each case. The Jewish communities of the Iberian Peninsula prospered for centuries under the Muslim reign of Al-Andalus following the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, but their fortunes began to decline with the Christian Reconquista campaign to retake Spain. Kol Eliyahu - is a orthodox Synagogue located in Brooklyn, New York. Sephardic Lebanese Congregation v. Travelers Indem. ", "El traductor que convirti Sefarad en Espaa", "Sicilia antiqua: International Journal of Archaeology: XIII. [25], In recent times, with the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, principally after the creation of Israel in 1948, most North African Sephardim have relocated to Israel (total pop. Often underestimated, this language was the main language used by the Jewish communities in Catalonia, Balearic Isles and the Valencian region. Don Isaac Abrabanel, a prominent Jewish figure in Spain in the 15th century and one of the king's trusted courtiers who witnessed the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, informs his readers[80] that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship to Spain by a certain Phiros who was confederate with the king of Babylon when he laid siege to Jerusalem. In these cities, however, Jews constituted only substantial minorities of the overall population. During World War II and until Operation Torch, the Jews of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunesia, governed by pro-Nazi Vichy France, suffered the same antisemitic legislation that Jews suffered in France mainland. North African Sephardim consists of the descendants of the expellees from Spain who also left as Jews in 1492. The Spanish Jews who chose to leave Spain instead of converting dispersed throughout the region of North Africa known as the Maghreb. 1989. [85] According to the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, "More than 1,500 Jewish families, numbering 4,000 persons, fell in one day,[86] a number contested by some historians who deem it to be an example of "the usual hyperbole in numerical estimates, with which history abounds. The majority spend the winter season in the opulent gated community of Turnberry Isle and the surrounding communities, located within the City of Aventura. The Holocaust that devastated European Jewry and virtually destroyed its centuries-old culture also wiped out the great European population centers of Sephardi Jewry and led to the almost complete demise of its unique language and traditions. Modern transliteration of Hebrew romanizes the consonant (pe without a dagesh dot placed in its center) as the digraph ph, in order to represent fe or the single phoneme /f/ , the English sound that is voiceless labiodental fricative. Mission. 813 Avenue T, Brooklyn, NY - Sephardic Lebanese Congregation Public Records Then the [Jewish] inhabitants of ulayulah (Toledo) answered that they were not present [in the land of Judea] at the time when their Christ was put to death. On the other hand, the North African Sephardic dialect was, until the early 20th century, also highly conservative; its abundant Colloquial Arabic loan words retained most of the Arabic phonemes as functional components of a new, enriched Hispano-Semitic phonological system. Meanwhile, the Reconquista continued in the north throughout the 12th century. Sephardi Jews in Bosnia and Croatia were ruled by a German-created Independent State of Croatia state from April 1941, which subjected them to pogrom-like actions before herding them into local camps where they were murdered side by side with Serbs and Roma (see Porajmos). The largest are in Brooklyn, Deal, New Jersey and Miami. A distinction is also recognized between Halabis (from Aleppo) and Shamis (from Damascus). [39] Many of these Jews also settled in other parts of the Balkans ruled by the Ottomans such as the areas that are now Bulgaria, Serbia, and Bosnia. Abrabanel surmises that the name may have been given to it by the Jewish exiles who arrived in Spain, in remembrance of the city Ashqelon in the Land of Israel. Besides the Xuetas, the same is true of Spain. He became related by marriage to a certain Espan, the nephew of king Heracles, who also ruled over a kingdom in Spain. While the stipulations were similar in the Portuguese decree, King Manuel largely prevented Portugal's Jews from leaving, by blocking Portugal's ports of exit. (Hassan, Abdul) April 27, 2022: Filing 6 First MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer by Sephardic Lebanese Congregation, Inc.. (Douglas, Jeffrey) April 20, 2022 . Sephardic Lebanese Congregatio . Journal of Medieval History. [58] In 2017 a total of 1,800 applicants had been granted Portuguese citizenship. In its stead arose the independent taifa principalities under the rule of local Muwallad, Arab, Berber, or Slavonic leaders. According to the genetic study "The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula" at the University Pompeu Fabra of Barcelona and the University of Leicester, led by Briton Mark Jobling, Francesc Calafell, and Elena Bosch, published by the American Journal of Human Genetics, genetic markers show that nearly 20% of Spaniards have Sephardic Jewish markers (direct male descent male for Y, equivalent weight for female mitochondria); residents of Catalonia have approximately 6%. The great majority of the Jewish communities in Iraq, and all of those in Iran, Eastern Syria, Yemen, and Eastern Turkey, are descendants of pre-existing indigenous Jewish populations. The divisions among Sephardim and their descendants today are largely a result of the consequences of the royal edicts of expulsion. Although the spread of Jews into Europe is most commonly associated with the Diaspora that ensued from the Roman conquest of Judea, emigration from Judea into the greater Roman Mediterranean area antedated the destruction of Jerusalem at the hands of the Romans under Titus. In [5,]252 anno mundi [1492 CE], the King Ferdinand and his wife, Isabella, made war with the Ishmaelites who were in Granada and took it, and while they returned they commanded the Jews in all of his kingdoms that in but a short time they were to take leave from the countries [they had heretofore possessed], they being Castile, Navarre, Catalonia, Aragn, Granada and Sicily. In recent times, principally after 1948, most Eastern Sephardim have since relocated to Israel, and others to the US and Latin America. There are times though when the "free" names are used to honor the memory of a deceased relative who died young or childless. At least some Sephardic Anusim in the Hispanosphere (in Iberia, but especially in their colonies in Ibero-America) had also initially tried to revert to Judaism, or at least maintain crypto-Jewish practices in privacy. They settled in the areas with already established Arabic-speaking Jewish communities in North Africa and eventually merged with them to form new communities based solely on Sephardic customs. Not in Library. [40] Many went to Portugal, gaining only a few years of respite from persecution. Within the last centuries and, more particularly the 19th and 20th centuries, two languages have become dominant in the Sephardic diaspora: French, introduced first by the Alliance Isralite Universelle, and then by absorption of new immigrants to France after Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria became independent, and Hebrew in the state of Israel. R. D. Barnett, New York: Ktav Publishing House, Inc. (1971), Sassoon, Solomon David, "The Spiritual Heritage of the Sephardim," in The Sephardi Heritage, Vol. [31] They number approximately 18,000 people or just over 2% of the entire population of the island. The Sephardic Lebanese Congregation - "Kol Eliyahu" - is an orthodox Sephardic Synagogue located in Brooklyn, New York. On 29 January 2015, the Portuguese Parliament ratified the legislation offering dual citizenship to descendants of Portuguese Sephardic Jews. Except for certain younger individuals, who continue to practice akita as a matter of cultural pride, this dialect, probably the most Arabized of the Romance languages apart from Mozarabic, has essentially ceased to exist. [11] The location of the biblical Sepharad points to the Iberian peninsula, then the westernmost outpost of Phoenician maritime trade. Many Spanish Jews fled to the Ottoman Empire where they had been given refuge. Surnames alone, language alone, or other evidence alone will not be determinative in the granting of Spanish nationality. SEPHARDIC CONGREGATION HAR HA LEBANON - 820 Ave S, Brooklyn, New York - Synagogues - Phone Number - Yelp Sephardic Congregation Har Ha Lebanon 2 reviews Unclaimed Synagogues Edit Write a review Add photo Photos & videos Add photo Location & Hours 820 Ave S Brooklyn, NY 11223 Gravesend, Midwood Get directions Edit business info Recommended Reviews [41] They were declared Christians by Royal decree unless they left, but the King hindered their departure, needing their artisanship and working population for Portugal's overseas enterprises and territories. Operation Torch therefore saved more than 400,000 Jews in European North Africa. Publisher: Sephardic Lebanese Congregation | Open Library Under successive Visigothic kings and under ecclesiastical authority, many orders of expulsion, forced conversion, isolation, enslavement, execution, and other punitive measures were made. Their Spanish or Portuguese was a lingua franca that enabled Sephardim from different countries to engage in commerce and diplomacy. By contrast, Eastern Judeo-Spanish has fared somewhat better, especially in Israel, where newspapers, radio broadcasts, and elementary school and university programs strive to keep the language alive. [52] The law provides for the deadline to be extended by one year, to 1 October 2019; it was extended in March 2018. Foreseeing a negative economic effect of a similar Jewish flight from Portugal, King Manuel issued his decree four years later presumably to satisfy a precondition that the Spanish monarchs had set for him in order to allow him to marry their daughter Isabella. Bnai Yosef Congregation Yeshiva University Yeshivah of Flatbush Shevet Ahim Congregation Shaare Zion Congregation Ahi Ezer of Avenue X Sephardic Lebanese Congregation Mikdash Eliyahu Faraj Samra 2009-2015 . The intermittent period of residence in Portugal (after the initial fleeing from Spain) for the ancestors of many Western Sephardim (whether Old World or New World) is a reason why the surnames of many Western Sephardim tend to be Portuguese variations of common Spanish surnames, though some are still Spanish.

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