prevalence of neck pain in office workers

Introduction. 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Neck pain is a prevalent and burdensome condition particularly in office workers compared to other occupations. Neck pain is a major cause of morbidity and disability in everyday life and at work in many countries. Most interventions were for 20 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week, and the intervention periods were at least 10 weeks. Neck pain prevalence and associated occupational - ScienceDirect Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if the following criteria were present: the population consisted of office workers performing computer work for most of their work time; the intervention was performed on-site at the workplace only, and outcome measures included pain intensity or incidence/prevalence of neck pain. \bigoplus \! Standardized mean differences (SMDs) calculated from change from baseline values for individual studies and pooled analysis based on random-effects model (in order of increasing SMD and where weight = weighted average21). , Josephson M, Wahlstedt K, Lampa E, Norbck D. Gerr Church TS Forest plot for improvement in pain incidence with an alternative mouse intervention versus a conventional mouse in a general population of office workers (with or without neck pain) on the basis of a pooled analysis of 2 trials (in order of increasing relative risk [RR] and where weight = weighted average21). When studies demonstrated clinical homogeneity (ie, similar study intervention, comparator intervention, postintervention time frames, and pain outcome),20 data were pooled using a weighted mean difference. Future RCTs of ergonomic interventions targeted at office workers who are symptomatic are required. Please check for further notifications by email. Second, our review has focused on self-reported pain. While some studies report that between 33% and 65% of people have recovered from an episode of neck pain at 1 year, most cases run an episodic course over a person's lifetime and, thus . And according to huff post, 16 million adults suffer from persistent back pain. SG Andersen (15,16,17) Present study reported one year prevalence of neck pain similar to studies in developed countries. Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. , Clijsen R, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Barbero M. Vanti , Andersen LL, Gram Bet al. Although improvement of neck and low back symptoms can occur, 22,28 the 1-year recurrence rate of neck and low back pain has been shown to range from 23% to 69% . Two of these trials found 6 weeks or 52 weeks of arm support ineffective.41,43 The third 52-week trial found a beneficial effect of arm support; however, there was no assessor blinding and the attrition rate was 31%.56 The 3 trials also had large differences in intervention lengths (6 versus 52 weeks).41,43,56. A recent study recommended 70% participation as the cutoff point for per-protocol analysis,68 a recommendation that is supported by our observation that participation of greater than or equal to 66% was associated with a larger effect size. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered when they met the following criteria: population consisted of office workers, intervention(s) was performed at the workplace, outcome measures included neck and/or neck/shoulder pain intensity and incidence/prevalence, and comparator groups included no/other intervention. , Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A, Janwantanakul P. Korhonen Type: Group strengthening at workplace, 30 min, 3 times/wk Description: Strengthening exercises consisted of 4 arm exercises (shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension and modified push-ups), Individual physical therapy (1 h, twice/wk), 86% of planned training sessions attended, Combined neck/shoulder endurance training and stretching vs no intervention, Job: 567 office workers Condition: Lower than normal neck flexion range (<54.1, Type: Stretching twice/workday and neck muscle endurance training twice/wk at home Description: Stretching exercises for upper trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis, and rectus capitis posterior muscles were performed for 30 s each; endurance training for long muscles (ie, longus capitis, longus colli, and rectus capitis anterior and lateralis) was performed 10 times; exercises were prompted by a text message Provider: Not reported Mode: Individually at work (endurance training) and at home (stretching) Duration: 52 wk, Pain incidence: pain for >24 h in last month; pain intensity: >30 mm on 0- to 100-mm VAS, Stretching: 30% of planned training sessions attended Endurance training: 57% of planned training sessions attended, Neck/shoulder stretching exercise vs no stretching, Type: Stretching during work breaks Description: Stretches were targeted at the neck, shoulders, back, and upper body and required no more than 2 min to perform Provider: Principal investigator Mode: Individually Duration: 8 wk, Feeling State Questionnaire on 15 scale, Stretching not more effective than no stretching (, Breaks in which participants stretched/total no. HC In office workers reporting pain the prevalence of neck pain was 56.1% (95 CI 52.0-60.1). , Malmivaara A, Chou Ret al. , Ketola R, Toivonen R, Luukkonen R, Hkknen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Hansson , Larsman P, Huis int Veld RM, Vollenbroek-Hutten MM. In original published study, estimates were adjusted on the basis of sex and baseline neck pain. , Bosmans JE, Hildebrandt VH, van Tulder MW, Heymans MW. Third, reporting bias might be present, as only studies in the English language were included. Twenty-seven RCTs were included. CH For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. , de Looze MP, Hildebrandt VH, The KH. , Sgaard K, Hansen EA, Hannerz H, Sjgaard G. Pedersen F \bigcirc \! , Galper JS, Verno V. Viljanen Prevalence of myofascial trigger points in spinal disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bold type indicates significant differences between intervention and comparator groups. The high prevalence of neck pain in office workers in our study was quite similar with previous studies (Jensen et al., 2003; . Ever wonder why your back hurts at the end of the day. There is a strong indication that injury to the cervical spine may aggravate, cause, and/or impact recovery of symptoms and impairments . (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the participants completed an online questionnaire based on the Standardized Nordic questionnaire and Quality of Life Scale Brief Version to evaluate their . The RRs were calculated using pain incidence or prevalence values of the individual studies, and the pooled analysis was based on the random-effects model (in order of increasing RR and where weight = weighted average21). Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. , Andersen LL, Jrgensen MB, Sgaard K, Sjgaard G. Knox LL Building the Science of Physical Therapy: Conundrums and a Wicked Problem, First Provider Seen for an Acute Episode of Low Back Pain Influences Subsequent Health Care Utilization, Learning Health Systems Are Well Suited to Define and Deliver the Physical Therapy Value Proposition, News From the Foundation for Physical Therapy Research, June 2023, Coproduction and Usability of a Smartphone App for Falls Reporting in Parkinson Disease, |${\bigoplus \! , Malmivaara A, Uitti J, Rinne M, Palmroos P, Laippala P. Galinsky Several limitations were associated with the interpretation of this review's results. \bigoplus \! Office Ergonomics and Neck Pain - Physiopedia Address all correspondence to Ms Chen at: Search for other works by this author on: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, and Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane St. Lucia, Queensland. The search strategy was reviewed by a university librarian (J.H. Data from the 4-week intervention could not be subjected to a meta-analysis due to lack of data for change from baseline and the short intervention period.50 Meta-analysis of the other 2 trials24,28 (n = 674) found moderate quality evidence (downgraded for inconsistency) for the ineffectiveness of neck/shoulder strengthening in comparison to no training in a general population of office workers (SMD = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.33) (Fig. Skoglund B Ct Four trials were identified for their clustered RCT design.5,27,32,40 In this review, clustering did not have an impact on the pooled effect sizes, as the studies that were being pooled were adjusted for clustering in their original analyses.27,32 Table 1 displays the characteristics of the included trials, and a summary of the review results is presented in Table 2. The purpose of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of workplace-based interventions for neck pain in office workers. A single trial (n = 33) of moderate-quality evidence (downgraded for imprecision) compared group-based neck/shoulder strengthening exercises with individualized physical therapy and found no differences between the interventions in the reduction of neck pain intensity in office workers who were symptomatic (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.84).46 In this trial, the intervention period was short (56 weeks), but the strengthening group had high participation at 86%.46. K (1) Background: Neck pain is the most common type of musculoskeletal problem affecting office workers. Introduction: Many of the injury mechanisms that cause mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) also create forces commonly associated with whiplash, resulting in cervical pain injury. \bigcirc }$| = moderate, |${\bigoplus \! Future studies should also consider reporting both intention-to-treat and per-protocol results based on achieving a minimum participation level. CM R In addition to the a priori defined groups of general population of office workers and office workers who were symptomatic, we defined a third subgroup, at risk office workers, who are at risk of neck pain, which was relevant for only 1 trial.5. However, the high heterogeneity between the trials (I2 = 77%) possibly was related to differences in intervention lengths (given that similar exercises and total training durations [60 min/wk]) were reported). There were also issues surrounding the use of neck pain as a measurement of intervention impact. The effectiveness of a work style intervention and a lifestyle physical activity intervention on the recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms in computer workers, The cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle physical activity intervention in addition to a work style intervention on recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms and pain reduction in computer workers, Effects of ambulant myofeedback training and ergonomic counselling in female computer workers with work-related neck-shoulder complaints: a randomized controlled trial, Changes in cognitive-behavioral factors and muscle activation patterns after interventions for work-related neck-shoulder complaints: relations with discomfort and disability, The effects of office ergonomic training on musculoskeletal complaints, sickness absence, and psychological well-being: a cluster randomized control trial, The effect of forearm support on musculoskeletal discomfort during call centre work, A controlled study of the effect of neck school in medical secretaries, A randomised controlled trial evaluating an alternative mouse and forearm support on upper body discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders among engineers, Improved health and coping by physical exercise or cognitive behavioural stress management training in a work environment, The effect of ergonomic intervention on discomfort in computer users with tension neck syndrome, The effect of pain reduction on perceived tension and EMG-recorded trapezius muscle activity in workers with shoulder and neck pain, Effectiveness of small daily amounts of progressive resistance training for frequent neck/shoulder pain: randomised controlled trial, Effect of scapular function training on chronic pain in the neck/shoulder region: a randomized controlled trial, Effect of two contrasting types of physical exercise on chronic neck muscle pain, Effects of at-work exercises on computer operators, Effectiveness of dynamic muscle training, relaxation training, or ordinary activity for chronic neck pain: randomised controlled trial, Supplementary breaks and stretching exercises for data entry operators: a follow-up field study, Effects of a workplace physical exercise intervention on the intensity of headache and neck and shoulder symptoms and upper extremity muscular strength of office workers: a cluster randomized controlled cross-over trial, Qigong training and effects on stress, neck-shoulder pain and life quality in a computerised office environment, A randomised controlled trial of postural interventions for prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms among computer users, A randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of two workstation interventions on upper body pain and incident musculoskeletal disorders among computer operators, Work with visual display units: longterm health effects of high and downward line-of-sight in ordinary office environments, A field study of supplementary rest breaks for data-entry operators, Effects of software programs stimulating regular breaks and exercises on work-related neck and upper-limb disorders, Clinical evaluation of a myofeedback-based teletreatment service applied in the workplace: a randomized controlled trial, Dose-response of strengthening exercise for treatment of severe neck pain in women, Effect of specific resistance training on musculoskeletal pain symptoms: dose-response relationship, Treatment compliance and effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention for low back pain: a complier average causal effect approach to the BeST data set, Officewise: a guide to health and safety in the office, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, Current issues in case definitions for common musculoskeletal disorders in workers for clinical practice and research, Impacts of differences in epidemiological case definitions on prevalence for upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders, Effects of aerobic and resistance training on hemoglobin A1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial, Beneficial exercise programme for office workers with shoulder and neck complaints. TC , Curran-Everett D, Maluf KS. Data were extracted by 1 reviewer using predefined data fields and checked by a second reviewer. However, more studies are needed to confirm the recommendations for cutoffs and standards for reporting participation. L More research on neck pain prevention is warranted. M Furthermore, 30% of the RCTs had unclear randomization methodologies. , Amick BCIII, Dennerlein JTet al. It can have an impact on the individual's physical, social, and psychological well-being, contributing to increasing costs to society and businesses. H was funded by the Australian Postgraduate Award. The costs to the worker, employer and society associated with work-related neck pain are known to be considerable and are escalating. For example, one year prevalence of neck pain in office workers at a Hong Kong university was found to be 59% [ 6 ] and 63% in a Swedish study of . SA \bigoplus }$| = high. The authors also thank Dr Susan E. Peters for reviewing our methodology and Julie Hansen (University of Queensland librarian) for reviewing our search strategy. (B) Forest plot for improvement in pain intensity after neck/shoulder strengthening exercises versus no training in office workers who were symptomatic (with neck pain) on the basis of a pooled analysis of 5 trials. T This systematic review of 27 RCTs provides evidence for the impact of workplace-based interventions on neck pain in office workers. GE Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer (B.K.C.). Three of these RCTs studied a general population of office workers, each finding no significant effect on neck pain intensity.27,32,50 The intervention length for these studies was 4,50 20,27 and 5232 weeks, with participation rates of 74%, 56%, and 45%, respectively. However, it is understood that concealed allocation can be difficult to perform logistically due to the risk of contamination (eg, in an open-plan workplace). The type of training was one of the factors that appeared important because in office workers who were symptomatic, strengthening exercises that were specifically targeted to the neck/shoulder region produced superior effect sizes than general fitness training. Andersen Bernaards Conlon Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis in office workers with neck and scapular pain: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics: Vol 29, No 1 , Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Risk factors for neck pain in office workers: a prospective study The authors completed the ICJME Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and reported no conflicts of interest. . RCT = randomized controlled trial. It is relevant to also investigate the effectiveness of workplace interventions in the general population of office workers given the lack of evidence for the prevention of neck pain.1. DM , Christensen KB, Holtermann Aet al. Conclusions were based on reported results or effect statistics (SMD or RR) calculated using the random-effects model, when possible. Risk of bias was assessed by 2 independent reviewers (X.C., D.J.) A comprehensive work injury prevention program with clerical and office workers: phase I. RW A common treatment for back and neck pain may not work, study suggests 3B). AK Point estimates of effect were deemed statistically significant if the 95% CI for RR did not cross 1.22 An RR of 1 to 1.25 or 0.8 to 1 indicated a small effect, an RR of 1.25 to 2 or 0.5 to 0.8 indicated a medium effect, and an RR of greater than 2 or less than 0.5 indicated a large effect.22,23, Data to calculate effect statistics were obtained from postintervention (final values) or, where possible, change from baseline values. A participation rate of greater than or equal to 66% was associated with an SMD of medium to large effect sizes (0.741.29) (Fig. Neck pain is more common among office workers than any other occupation, while the annual prevalence ranges from 42-63%. Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis in office workers with neck and scapular pain Int J Occup Saf Ergon . \bigoplus \! 42014006905). CF Several papers reported data from the same RCT (ie, same study population and trial registration numbers). As intervention effects were unique to the subpopulation studied, this represents an important strength of the review. , Krause N, Goldberg R, Benner D, Hudes M, Goldner GU. While pain is often the major concern of an affected individual, future reviews may need to also target more functional outcomes (ie, neck disability, sick leave). Finally, research on primary neck pain prevention was limited and more studies in this area are warranted. General Search Strategy Used in This Studya. This is due to the increasing responsibility of companies toward employee health, and the potential cost-savings and productivity gains associated with a healthy workforce.3 Workplace-based interventions are broadly grouped into those that target the workers health and/or knowledge (eg, exercise, education), or those that target the job task and environment (eg, ergonomics). The factors that place office workers at greater risk of developing neck pain are not . C Sixty-seven percent of the other intervention trials, and only 50% of the ergonomic trials that reported participation scored low risk of bias. The results of the study indicated a positive trend towards the proposed hypothesis that . \bigoplus \! Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis in office workers with neck and The low participation in stretching may be related to the higher frequency of exercises expected by the study protocol (daily during break times versus twice per week for endurance exercise). , Nissinen KJ, Jrvenp SK, Ojanen MT, Vanharanta H, Mlki EA. CH B Inconsistency in intervention length, population size, and/or direction of results. Prevalence was considered as the number/proportion of cases of neck pain, while incidence was considered as the number/proportion of new cases identified at a given time. Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. R , Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D, Group P. Singh One further large RCT (n = 567) of high-quality evidence recruited participants without neck pain but lower than normal neck flexion range and neck flexor muscle endurance (at risk office workers).5 A large effect was found in favor of 52 weeks of combined neck endurance and stretching exercises (RR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.50 to 3.22) in reducing neck pain incidence in the at risk office workers compared to no intervention. R , Green S, Cochrane C. Coombes EK , Jorgensen MB, Blangsted AK, Pedersen MT, Hansen EA, Sjogaard G. Blangsted , Chalova K, Gerson Let al. Prevalence of Neck Pain in Sedentary Workers - ijtsrd.com This review could not make firm conclusions on the effects of most ergonomic interventions due to the lack of RCTs targeted at office workers who were symptomatic. , van der Velde G, Cassidy JDet al. L 1- 3 The annual prevalence of neck pain in office workers varies from 42% to 63%, 1, 4, 5 and office workers have the highest incidence of neck disorders among all other occupations, at 17% to 21%. \bigcirc }$|, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Neck/shoulder strengthening exercise vs no training, Job: 449 office workers from a national public admin authority, Type: 3 strengthening intervention arms: 1 60 (1 h/wk), 3 20 (20 min, 3 times/wk), 9 7 (7 min, 9 times/wk) Description: Specific strength training using 5 dumbbell exercises: front raises, lateral raises, reverse flies, shrugs, and wrist extensions Providers: Experienced exercise instructors Mode: Face-to-face in a group Duration: 20 wk, 3 intervention groups combined: SMD = 0.14 (0.08 to 0.37), 56% of participants participated at least 20 min/wk, Job: 549 office workers from a public admin authority, Type: Dynamic and specific strength training, 20 min, 3 times/wk Description: Dynamic resistance training included seated static exercises for the neck and explosive rowing and kayaking ergometer exercises for the shoulders; specific resistance training with dumbbells included shoulder extension, abduction, and lift Providers: Experienced exercise instructors Mode: Face-to-face in a group Duration: 52 wk, 45% of participants participated at least 20min/wk (mean of 54% the first half and 35% the second half of the intervention), Job: 72 office workers from a university and from insurance, physical therapy, and software companies, Type: Strength training twice daily Description: Resistance training included isometric neck rotation with manual resistance (5-s hold, 5 repetitions), shoulder shrugs, and scapular retraction with elastic band resistance (12 repetitions each) Provider: Not reported Mode: Face-to-face in a group Duration: 4 wk, No training (deep breathing and ankle pumps), 74% of planned training attended (average daily frequency of exercise = 1.47 times/d), Job: 256/449 office workers (subset of general population from Andersen etal, 2012, 3 intervention groups combined: SMD = 0.23 (0.07 to 0.52), Job: 100/549 office workers (subset of general population from Blangsted etal, 2008, 45% of participants participated at least 20 min/wk (mean of 54% the first half and 35% the second half of the intervention), Job: 48 female participants from banks, post offices, national admin offices, and an industrial production unit Condition: Trapezius myalgia, Type: Strength training, 20min, 3 times/wk Description: Specific strength training using 5dumbbell exercises: 1-arm row, shoulder abduction, elevation, reverse flies, and upright row Provider: Exercises were supervised Mode: Face-to-face in a group Duration: 10 wk, Job: 198 office workers Condition: Neck/shoulder pain with intensity of 2 (out of 10) during the past 3 mo, at least 30 d during the past year, Type: 2 strengthening intervention arms: 2 min/d, 12 min/d, 5 times/wk Description: Both intervention groups did resistance training with elastic tubing, performing shoulder abductions (lateral raises) Providers: Physical therapists Mode: Face-to-face initially and then individually thereafter Duration: 10 wk, 2 min/d: SMD = 0.60 (0.32 to 1.03) 12 min/d: SMD = 0.90 (0.54 to 1.26) 2 min+12 min/d: SMD = 0.74 (0.43 to 1.05), 2 min/d: 65% of planned training sessions attended 12 min/d: 66% of planned training sessions attended, Job: 47 office workers from a university Condition: Neck/shoulder pain with intensity of 3 (out of 9) in the previous month, Type: Scapular functional training, 20 min, 3 times/wk Description: Scapular exercises targeting serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles to a high extent and upper trapezius muscle to a lower extent; elastic bands were provided for extra resistance if required Provider: Experienced exercise instructor Mode: Face-to-face in a group Duration: 10 wk, 70% of planned training sessions attended, Job: 393 female office workers from a health care center Condition: Nonspecific neck pain of 12 wk, Type: Dynamic muscle training, 30 min, 3 times/wk Description: Dynamic muscle training using dumbbells to activate large muscle groups in the neck/shoulder region, followed by stretching Provider: Physical therapist Mode: Face-to-face in a group Duration: 12 wk, 39% of planned training sessions attended, Neck/shoulder strengthening exercise vs physical therapy, Job: 33 female office workers Condition: Neck/shoulder pain with intensity of 3 (out of 6) for last 6 mo and 2 wk, and pain for 3 d continuously for last 2 wk.

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