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On the largest islands these gave rise to unusual biodiversity. Although English is the official language, it is spoken by a very small percentage of the population. You are free: to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix - to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. [6][7] The earliest confirmed discovery on record was in 1507 by Portuguese sailors. A settlement on Albatross Island was abandoned in 1988. Since 1928, these islets have been under the management of the Raphal Fishing Co. Ltd. Other plants include bamboos like Nastus borbonicus, numerous species of orchids (e.g., Angraecum spp., Bulbophyllum spp.) Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science, University of Connecticut. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby . Ur bern inizi all dizanv a ya d'ober Cargados Carajos. http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6662 on 01/07/2023. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. The atoll was probably discovered in 975 A.D. by Arabian sailors along with Dina Arobi ("Abandoned Island"), now known as the island of Mauritius. The Runion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), Runion cuckooshrike (Lalage newtoni), Runion stonechat (Saxicola tectes), Runion olive white-eye (Zosterops olivaceus), and Runion bulbul (Hypsipetes borbonicus) are endemic to Runion. See the latest North Island, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Mauritius RealVue weather satellite map, showing a realistic view of North Island, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Mauritius from space, as taken . In 2012, a tuna longliner ran aground on the reef crest of St. Brandon's atoll. 124 men (one of whom was ethnically Chinese) and 12 women. . Politically, Saint Brandon is today part of the territory of Mauritius and is grouped within the Outer Islands of Mauritius along with Agalga, Tromelin, and the Chagos Archipelago. The Mascarenes are home to many endemic species of Dombeyoideae, the monotypic genus Psiloxylon (Psiloxylon mauritianum), and members of the family Monimiaceae (the genera Monimia and Trochetia, and species of Tambourissa) and Escalloniaceae. [11], Semi-dry sclerophyllous forests are found between the coast and 360 metres elevation on Mauritius and Rodrigues, and from 200 to 750 metres elevation on the western slopes of Runion, where only small patches of such forest now remain. This category has only the following subcategory. It is postulated from navigational charts such as the Cantino planisphere of 1502 that Arab sailors first discovered Mauritius, around 975, calling it Dina Arobi. Bhojpuri, an Indo-Aryan language, is spoken by one-tenth of the population, and French is spoken by a small percentage. Mauritians commonly speak two, three, or even more languages, and the educational system supports a wide range of language instruction. On Mauritius average annual rainfall in the lowlands varies from 1905mm on the windward southeast coast to 890mm on the leeward side. The plateau is bordered by small mountains that may have formed the rim of an ancient volcano; the highest point (2,717 feet [828 metres]) is Piton de la Petite Rivire Noire in the southwest. (2009). They found a total population of 110, made up of 97 men (86 non-Indian and 11 Indian) and 13 women (10 non-Indian and 3 Indian). Today, only one company operates on the archipelago with three fishing stations and accommodation for sport fishermen on L'le du Sud and le Raphael. The main reef has a very broad reef flat, extending up to several hundred metres across in parts. [22], The Mascarene Islands are surrounded by approximately 750 square km of coral reef. These were once volcanic islands, much like Mauritius and Runion, which have now sunk or eroded to below sea level or, in the case of the Cargados Carajos, to low coral islands. It was named in 1506 by Portuguese sailors who went ashore for provisioning on their way to India. Cargados comprises about 190km2 (73sqmi) of reefs. Further offshore lies a peripheral fringing reef. Flag of Mauritius. At least five colonization events from Madagascar to the Mascarene archipelago occurred. In the 1960s, a turtle reserve was established at Ile du Nord by the Raphal Fishing Company and landing on this island was permitted only in the Summer under the Raphal Fishing Companys regulations. [11] Ferns are prominent components of the biotas of the islands, especially in the tropical forest. Shrubs in the semi-dry forests include several spectacular endemic species of Hibiscus (Malvaceae), Zanthoxylum spp. The southern part of the plateau, including the Saya de Malha Bank, Nazareth Bank, Soudan Banks and Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon) (then one large island), was formed by the Runion hotspot. In Ocean Races, Some of the Biggest Perils Can't be Seen. Privy Council of the United Kingdom, For the Canadian unincorporated community, see. Saint Brandon, also known as the Cargados Carajos Shoals, is an Indian Ocean archipelago about 430 km (270 mi) northeast of Mauritius consisting of sand banks, shoals and islets. 01.jpg, Raphael Fishing Company's Coco Island in St Brandon, Cargados Carajos. Updates? Another seven families contain 80 or more species each: Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Cyperaceae, Cunoniaceae, Rutaceae, Araliaceae, and Sapotaceae, representing an additional ca. Aquaculture is practiced with such species as channel bass and sea bream. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It was under Dutch control in 1601 and settled by the French in 1691. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"IoKDuAJrE9naMoC0sKFS2aXXJxQUgitKTQ4bEKBBZCo-14400-0"}; The most common employment on St. Brandon in 1922 was agriculture, with a manager, assistant manager and eleven labourers. The climate is oceanic and tropical. The island of Mauritius is volcanic in origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs. The fauna includes the samber (a long-tailed, dark brown deer), tenrec (a spiny insectivore), and mongoose, as well as a variety of birds and insects. At low elevations summer temperatures (December to April) average 30C. . St. Brandon, also known as the Cargados Carajos shoals, is a coral atoll group consisting of a barrier reef, shoals, and low islets. Mauritius was largely converted to sugar cane, tea, and conifer plantations. Passing through the animals' digestive tract aided in the seeds' germination. Lagoon reefs and reef flats are dominated by scleractinian corals such as branching and tabular Acropora, Porites massives, foliaceous Montipora and Pavona, and sand consolidated with beds of seagrass such Halophila spp. Runion is the largest of the islands (2,500km2), followed by Mauritius (1,900km2) and Rodrigues (110km2). Cargados Carajos Shoals stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. [39], L'le du Sud (South Island, l'le Boises), Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, tropical cyclones in the Mascarene Islands, "St Brandon Island - Cargados Carajos - Mauritius Attractions", "GM Goes To War With Raphael Fishing Over St Brandon", "St. Brandon sovereignty controversy: Raphael Fishing Company Ltd hits back at GM Mauritius News", "The history of Mauritius, or the Isle of France, and the neighbouring islands; from their first discovery to the present time; Page 320 by Charles Grant", "longliner ran aground on the reef crest of St Brandon's Atoll", "chouage d'un bateau de pche: une catastrophe cologique menace Saint Brandon", "AU LARGE DE SAINT-BRANDON:Naufrage d'un bateau de pche - Le Mauricien", "f/v Kha Yang aground, salvage under way", "LEE TSANG FISHERY CO LTD, Kaohsiung City, Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) | World Shipping Register", "Pay Research Bureau: Outer Islands Development Corporation", "Ministry of Local Government and Outer Islands - St Brandon", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Brandon&oldid=1161690488, 85 men and 2 women. Today much of the natural vegetation is gone, and there are many introduced species on the islands. On Rodrigues the damage has been done by shifting cultivation. [1] [24], .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}2043S 5637E / 20.717S 56.617E / -20.717; 56.617 Privy Council Judgment 30 July 2008 - Raphal Fishing Company Ltd. "Dispersal of the Genus Phelsuma in the Mascarenes", "De Bourbon la Runion, l'Histoire d'une le (du XVII, "Reunion | History, Location, Map, Population, & Facts", "MASCARENES FERNS - Investigating the fern diversity of the Mascarene Islands using phylogeographic approaches", "Seed Dispersal in Australian Subtropical Rainforest", "Le Muse Du Dodo - Dodo And Solitaires, Myths And Reality", "Mascarene forests". The main settlement and the administrative centre of St. Brandon is le Raphal and can have up to 35 resident employees, a coast guard outpost and meteorological station (with eight residents in 1996). The population density in Mauritius is the highest of African countries and is among the highest in the world. Rodrigues was first discovered by the Arabs but named after Portuguese navigator Diogo Rodrigues. IBA criteria met: - On 14 July 1767 this became a French crown colony, still under one governor general. cuspidata (Oleaceae), Cossinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) Dombeya spp. The polyphyly of the Mascarene Dombeyoideae suggests that dioecy has been acquired several times. In 1948, Il aux Fous disappeared and Avoquer was submerged by two meters of water. The archipelago comprises three large islands, Mauritius, Runion, and Rodrigues, plus a number of volcanic remnants in the tropics of the southwestern Indian Ocean, generally between 700 and 1500 kilometres east of Madagascar. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Le bail permanent de Raphal Fishing confirm sur St.-Brandon. Las islas tienen un rea total de tierra de 1,3 km. Seaward extensions around breeding colony; Cargados Carajos shoals (Saint Brandon) include key near-colony areas for breeding populations of Brown Noddy (LC) 6750-19200 individuals, Lesser Noddy (LC) 22500-36000 individuals, Common White Tern (LC) 15000-15000 individuals, Roseate Tern (LC) 780-1140 individuals and Sooty Tern (LC) 24000-48000 . The Mascarene Islands (English: /mskrin/, French: Mascareignes) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of La Runion. The archipelago is low-lying and prone to substantial submersion in severe weather. Based on weather reports collected during 2005-2015. Mean temperatures vary from the mid-70s F (low to mid-20s C) at sea level to the upper 60s F (upper 10s C) on the high plateau. BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: Cargados Carajos shoals (Saint Brandon) - Marine. NASA Goddard Space These patches have expanded and fused to provide the numerous, large coral banks found in the Bay. [35] While the archipelago likely had a resident population at this point, as indicated by the 8 children under the age of 15 and the 5 people over the age of 60, there was also likely a seasonal component, with the largest population segment being men between 20 and 35. [3], The islands are currently the subject of a legal dispute over territorial sovereignty between the government of Mauritius and Raphael Fishing Company, the current leaseholders of the islands. The extinct dodo, Cylindraspis tortoises, and broad-billed parrots, along with fruit bats, played an important role in dispersing the seeds.

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